Changes in Marriage

① There are several factors that influenced women during the Victorian（维多利亚的）age to marry. Many of them were a result of lack of choice. First we need to deal with education to understand why women married. Women were left uneducated in many areas of life. They had no control over their education and were only taught about domestic duties. Starting at a young age, they were taught that a woman should get married and have children. They were born, raised and educated to become wives and nothing else. A woman was not expected to work unless she was in the lower class and had no choice.

② The development from Victorian marriage to modern marriage was a slow process. In the 1960s, women began to exercise their power and freedom more publicly. Women began to marry for happiness. Women began to work more and more outside of the home, and during the war time when their husbands left to war, they were asked to take on more jobs that their husbands had left behind.

③ Beginning in the 1840s, a series of laws were passed that began to allow women in marriage to have a bit more control. In 1839 the Infant and Child Custody（监护）Act allowed women to take custody of their children under the age of seven if divorced or separated. In 1857, ordinary divorce was established in England through the Divorce Act. In 1870, the Married Women’s Property Act allowed for women to keep their earnings and even inherit personal properties and money. Slowly but surely, women were gaining control over themselves, their children and their possessions.

④ Divorce, unlike during the Victorian period, is a lot more acceptable. Now when a couple gets a divorce, the woman is more likely to get the custody of her children than the man. Divorce is now seen as a way to get out of marriage as a result of any type of unhappiness.

⑤ Women these days have a lot more control over their marriages than they used to. A woman is free to marry who she wants for the most part. She can choose to be married as well as have a career. If a woman is unable to have kids, there are many ways that would help her. Even choosing not to have kids is not looked down upon as it used to be.

Task 1 

16. Paragraph ①（ ）

17. Paragraph ②（ ）

18. Paragraph ③（ ）

19. Paragraph ④（ ）

20. Paragraph ⑤（ ）

 

Task 2

21. In Victorian age, a woman couldn’t work outside because of .

22. Women were taught to become wives from .

23. More women began to work outside of home during .

24. Slowly, women get more control over .

25. Modern women can freely choose to have .

 

A: Laws about marriage

B: Influences of marriage

C: Slow changes in marriage

D: More control over marriage

E: No choice about marriage

F: Divorce in modern marriage

A: no kids

B: no choice

C: lower class

D: a young age

E: the war time

F: their belongings    

How does a woman go about 41___(buy) clothes?In almost every aspect she does so in the way opposite to a man. Her shopping is not often 42___ (base) on need. She has never fully 43___ (make) up her mind what she wants, and she is only "having a look round." She is always open to 44___ (persuade); indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what 45___ (companion) tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of 46___ (find) something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the 47___ (expected) bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may  48___(easy) spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and from, often retracing her steps before selecting. It is a 49 ___(labour) process, but the shopping time passed 50 ___(pleasant). 

Scientists are trying to modify tests which were firstly developed for children to test dogs.（ ）

• A、True

• B、False

• C、Not Given